Stephen Saber has been an avid observational astronomer for many years.
A musician and songwriter by trade, his passion for the night sky has led him to star parties and celestial events in 30 states, Canada, Mexico, and the Carribean.
His astronomy articles have appeared in numerous regional and national publications. Saber is also the author of the Starhoppers Guide to the Herschel 400 and namesake of the lunar phase phenomenon known as Saber's Beads.
His extensive outreach efforts inspired the first permanent camp observatory built for the Boy Scouts of America.
Saber has received the Master Observer's award from the Astronomical League and is currently a member of the Quad Cities Popular Astronomy Club. His astro-column Left Ascension is a regular feature in the PAC newsletter.
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[all articles within are free use and may be reprinted with author/website acknowledgement]
Opposition occurred on March 8, but May presented this year's greatest ring performance prior to our northern plane crossing in September. Apparent diameter and tilt remain above 18.0"/4.0° until June, with max size at max tilt (I'm calling this Saturn's co-opposition) on May 10-12 [18.6" @ 4.2°].
Leo the Charioteer
After showing us a tilt of less than a degree from edge-on in January,
our ringed gas giant now heads southeast toward the stars of Virgo. White/red zone stargazers in particular may have already noticed Saturn's effect on our Lion's asterism, which is temporarily being transformed into a fair impersonation of Auriga's extended pentagon.
Occurring about every 15 years (Earth crosses the rings twice during Saturn's 29.5 year trip around our sun), the next ring plane crossing event takes place in early 2025.
June-September Ephemeris
date/ mag/ dia/ incl/ elong
04jun 0.9 17.8" 4.0° 91°
14jun 1.0 17.5" 3.7° 82°
24jun 1.0 17.2" 3.5° 72°
04july 1.0 17.0" 3.1° 64°
14july 1.1 16.7" 2.7° 55°
24july 1.1 16.5" 2.3° 47°
04aug 1.1 16.3" 1.7° 37°
14aug 1.1 16.2" 1.2° 29°
24aug 1.2 16.1" 0.6° 21°
04sep 1.2 16.0" 0.0° 11°
*****
All times UT. Shadow transits are bolded.
23jan 1501-2028
08feb 1313-1811
24feb 1049-1319
24feb 1125-1523
12mar 0932-1258
12mar 1016-1142
28mar 0824-1229
13apr 0721-1156
29apr 0623-1120
15may 0527-1042
31may 0433-1002
16jun 0342-0921
02jul 0251-0837
17/18jul 2315-0150
18jul 0202-0753
02/03aug 2220-0300
03aug 0114-0706
18/19aug 2209-0346*
19aug 0027-0617*
03/04sep 2226-0419*
03/04sep 2341-0527*
19/20sep 2256-0434*
19/20sep 2308-0434*
05/06oct 2212-0339*
06oct 0016-0420*
21/22oct 2130-0242
06/07nov 2049-0142
22/23oct 2010-0040
08dec 1934-2333
24dec 1903-2222
*transit occurs at an unfavorable
solar elongation
*****
[M1: The Crab Nebula courtesy of SEDS]
Running the M-Cubed is an advanced approach to the Messier Marathon requiring the observer to already be very familiar with each target's position.
Sharpshooting the Messiers for a few seasons before even hearing of the M-Cubed, my approach included committing the entire sequence to memory.
For easier memorization the 110 Messier objects are broken down into 10 groups, each corresponding to a specific area of the sky. Numeric patterns are added whenever possible while still following the basic search sequence.
I have used this technique to manually hunt and observe all 110 Messiers from Arizona, and 109 on three occasions from 41°N latitude without the aid of starcharts or notes.
Begin by memorizing the first string of numbers while visualizing their positions. As you become comfortable with these, repeat the process for the subsequent groups.
Evening Rush
74, 77, 33, 31, 32, 110, 52, 103, 76, 34, 45
Southern Comfort
79, 42, 43, 78, 41, 50, 93, 46, 47, 48
Early Ecliptic
1, 35, 37, 36, 38, 44, 67, 95, 96, 105, 65, 66
The Big Bear
81, 82, 97, 108, 109, 40, 106, 94, 63, 51, 101, 102
Downtown Virgo
98, 99, 100, 85, 84, 86, 87, 88, 91, 90, 89
Virgo and the 'Burbs
58, 59, 60, 49, 61, 64, 53, 3, 104, 68, 83
Easy East
5, 13, 92, 57, 56, 39, 29, 27, 71
Got Globulars?
12, 10, 14, 107, 9, 4, 80, 62, 19
Cruising the Milky Way
11, 26, 16, 17, 18, 24, 25, 23, 21, 20, 8, 28, 22
Homestretch
6, 7, 69, 70, 54, 55, 75, 15, 2, 72, 73, 30
With repetition the individual strings will eventually link together as the entire search sequence is committed to memory. (note: the strings' titles are by no means written in stone, and can be substituted for any phrase the observer finds mnemonically helpful. also, the classic m-cubed only requires memorization of the target positions- not the search sequence.)
I encourage those interested in attempting this method to practice with mini-M-Cubes throughout the year, going over each leg in sections.
Many end up suprised by the number of object locations that are already familiar outside of their chart and starhopping routine.
[Left Ascension, Feb '04]
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Ready to tackle the Herschel 400?
Veteran starhopper and Astronomical League Master Observer Stephen Saber offers tips and stress-free instructions for hunting these enticing but sometimes elusive celestial treasures.
This guide also contains search sequences, starcharts, object types, magnitudes, coordinates, and equatorial directions from selected guide stars for all 400 astronomical targets.
Log entries and observation notes can also be recorded, and are indexed for quick reference.
Great for individual or club projects.
220 pages, spiral bound.
$29.95 plus $4 shipping.
(Discounts for orders of 10 or more.)
Orders and Inquiries:
saberscorpx[at]qconline[dot]com
*****
Review by Ed Flaspoehler, American Association of Amateur Astronomers www.astromax.org
I just received in the mail a copy of Stephen Saber's manual, the Starhoppers Guide to the Herschel 400. Since I am currently working on the Herschel project myself, I was very interested to see how it could help in my search.
First, let's make it clear that this book is not just a replacement for the AL's Observe: The Herschel Objects. In that book, there are descriptions of the 400 objects in order by NGC number, which are divided into four groups for each season of the year. But that is all. Unlike even the AL's Messier manual, there are just a few pages of generic forms in the back, and not even enough to complete the project. I had to photocopy forms as needed.
Saber's book, however, is both a guide and an observing log. Here, the list is sequenced within each constellation. Then, for each object, there is the NGC number, object type and magnitude, coordinates, page number in both Uranometria and Sky Atlas 2000, and a place to make observing notes.
Saber has also added an additional feature. There is a brief and specific notation on how to starhop to the object you are looking for. Each page of the Guide is face-to-face with a map of the constellation in which you are working. On the maps are designated start-off points from which to star hop, and instructions on which direction and how far to go to find your object. Since this is how I usually go about finding an object I am sure it will work. It should be noted that the NGC objects themselves are not notated on the maps. For that information you may wish to refer to your own chart, such as Sky Atlas 2000, Uranometria, etc.
I currently have numerous loose-leaf pages of observing logs. The only way I can keep track of how many and which objects I have observed is to make a check mark in the AL's Herschel book. I also have another list in constellation order, so I end up making multiple notations for each object. A real chore.
Saber's book will make this job alot easier. And if it makes your time in the field better spent, then it is surely worth the price.
*****
I really like how the Starhoppers Guide to the Herschel 400 is laid out- in a great linear order, no nonsense, and the star charts are perfect. Simple enough to not seem cluttered, and I still have room for some pencil marks here and there. It is really quite easy to use.
Saber's Guide helps teach what the Herschel Program is supposed to instill, starhopping to find challenge objects, and has even helped me refine my skills. I have a feeling that I am going to give this book a lot of use and recommend it to those who are starting or working on the Herschel 400.
-Brian Carter (Atlanta Astronomy Club)
*****
Saber guides us through the Herschel 400 objects with ease and precision. Uncluttered charts and flowing starhops will certainly save any observer alot of time and frustration at the scope. In addition, the indexed target and log entries will always serve as a quick reference to the Herschels and my observations. Highly recommended.
-Bob Bryant (MAL/Astronomical League)
*****
[M27: The Dumbell Nebula courtesy of SEDS]
This collection of DSOs and doublestars unifies the Astronomical League's Messier, Bino Deepsky, Caldwell (the 70 most northern), and Double Star targets as well as the RASC's 110 Finest NGC Objects (90 of which are Herschel 400s). Three doubles I couldn't live without are also included.
Designed with those tackling the Observe Programs in mind, the overlapping entries have been omitted- leaving a treasure chest of 409 gems for northern observers.
Grouped by constellation, the basic data and corresponding Pocket Sky Atlas chart follow each entry.
ANDROMEDA type/mag/radec/psa
M31 GX 3.5 0043+4119 03
M32 GX 8.2 0043+4055 03
M110 GX 8.0 0041+4144 03
NGC752 OC 5.7 0158+3743 02
NGC891 GX 10.0 0223+4223 02
NGC7662 PN 9.0 2326+4236 03
gammaAnd DS 2.3 0204+4222 02
AQUARIUS
M2 GC 6.5 2134-0047 77
M72 GC 9.4 2054-1230 77
M73 AS 9.0 2059-1236 77
NGC7009 PN 8.0 2105-1120 77
NGC7293 PN 7.5 2230-2046 76
zetaAqr DS 4.3 2229-0001 77
94 Aqr DS 5.3 2319-1328 76
AQUILA
NGC6709 OC 6.7 1852+1022 65
NGC6781 PN 12.0 1919+0634 65
57 Aql DS 5.8 1955-0814 66
ARIES
NGC772 GX 10.3 0200+1903 04
gammaAri DS 4.8 0154+1918 04
lambdaAri DS 4.9 0158+2336 04
AURIGA
M36 OC 6.0 0537+3408 12
M37 OC 5.6 0553+3233 12
M38 OC 6.4 0529+3550 12
NGC1893 OC 7.5 0523+3324 12
NGC1907 OC 8.2 0529+3519 12
NGC1931 CN 11.3 0532+3415 12
NGC2281 OC 5.4 0650+4103 23
IC405 EN -- 0517+3416 12
thetaAur DS 2.7 0600+3713 12
BOOTES
NGC5248 GX 10.2 1338+0851 44
NGC5466 GC 9.1 1406+2830 44
deltaBoo DS 3.5 1516+3319 42
iotaBoo DS 4.9 1416+5122 42
kappaBoo DS 4.6 1414+5147 42
epsilonBoo DS 2.5 1445+2704 44
muBoo DS 4.3 1525+3723 42
piBoo DS 4.9 1441+1625 44
xiBoo DS 4.7 1451+1906 44
CAMELOPARDALIS
NGC1501 PN 13.0 0408+6056 13
NGC2403 GX 8.4 0738+6535 21
NGC2655 GX 10.1 0857+7811 21
IC342 GX 9.1 0348+6807 11
Stock23 OC 6.5 0316+6002 11
Kemble1 OC 4.0 0358+6306 11
1 Cam DS 5.7 0432+5355 12
32 Cam DS 5.3 1249+8325 21
CANCER
M44 OC 3.1 0841+1957 24
M67 OC 6.9 0851+1147 24
NGC2775 GX 10.3 0911+0700 24
iotaCnc DS 4.2 0847+2846 24
zetaCnc DS 5.5 0812+1739 24
CANES VENATICI
M3 GC 6.3 1343+2821 44
M51 GX 8.4 1330+4710 43
M63 GX 8.6 1316+4159 43
M94 GX 8.2 1251+4104 43
M106 GX 8.3 1219+4715 43
NGC4111 GX 10.8 1208+4301 43
NGC4214 GX 9.7 1216+3617 43
NGC4244 GX 10.2 1218+3746 43
NGC4449 GX 9.4 1229+4403 43
NGC4490 GX 9.8 1231+4135 43
NGC4631 GX 9.3 1242+3229 43
NGC4656/7 GX 10.4 1244+3207 43
NGC5005 GX 9.8 1311+3700 43
NGC5033 GX 10.1 1314+3633 43
alphaCVn DS 2.9 1256+3819 43
CANIS MAJOR
M41 OC 4.5 0646-2045 27
NGC2359 EN 11.0 0719-1313 27
NGC2360 OC 7.2 0718-1538 27
NGC2362 OC 4.1 0719-2457 27
epsilonCMa DS 1.5 0659-2858 27
h3945 DS 5.0 0717-2318 27
CAPRICORNUS
M30 GC 7.5 2141-2309 77
alphaCap DS 3.6 2018-1233 66
betaCap DS 3.4 2021-1447 66
CASSIOPEIA
M52 OC 6.9 2325+6138 03
M103 OC 7.4 0134+6044 03
NGC129 OC 6.5 0030+6017 03
NGC147 GX 9.3 0034+4833 03
NGC185 GX 9.2 0039+4823 03
NGC281 EN 7.0 0053+5640 03
NGC457 OC 6.4 0120+5823 03
NGC559 OC 9.5 0130+6320 01
NGC663 OC 7.1 0147+6117 01
NGC7635 EN -- 2321+6115 71
NGC7789 OC 6.7 2357+5647 03
IC289 PN 13.1 0311+6121 02
Cr463 OC 5.7 0148+7157 01
Stock2 OC 4.4 0215+5916 01
Mark6 OC 7.1 0230+6039 01
Mel15 OC 6.5 0233+6127 01
Tr3 OC 7.0 0312+6315 01
etaCas DS 3.4 0049+5749 03
iotaCas DS 4.0 0229+6724 01
sigmaCas DS 5.0 2359+5545 03
CEPHEUS
NGC40 PN 11.0 0013+7235 71
NGC188 OC 8.1 0045+8523 71
NGC6939 OC 7.8 2032+6040 61
NGC6946 GX 8.9 2035+6011 61
NGC7023 CN 7.0 2101+6812 71
NGC7129 RN 12.0 2141+6608 71
NGC7160 OC 6.1 2154+6238 71
NGC7235 OC 7.7 2213+5719 71
Sh2-155 DN -- 2257+6237 71
betaCep DS 3.2 2129+7034 71
deltaCep DS 3.9 2229+5825 71
xiCep DS 4.4 2204+6438 71
Struve 2816 DS 5.6 2139+5729 73
CETUS
M77 GX 8.8 0243+0001 04
NGC246 PN 8.0 0047-1150 07
NGC247 GX 8.9 0047-2043 07
NGC936 GX 10.1 0228-0107 04
IC1613 GX 9.3 0105+0207 05
gammaCet DS 3.5 0243+0314 04
COMA BERENICES
M53 GC 7.7 1313+1807 45
M64 GX 8.5 1257+2138 45
M85 GX 9.2 1226+1808 C
M88 GX 9.5 1232+1422 C
M91 GX 10.2 1236+1427 C
M98 GX 10.1 1214+1451 C
M99 GX 9.8 1219+1422 C
M100 GX 9.4 1223+1546 C
NGC4274 GX 10.4 1220+2934 45
NGC4414 GX 10.3 1227+3110 45
NGC4494 GX 9.9 1232+2544 45
NGC4559 GX 9.9 1236+2755 45
NGC4565 GX 9.6 1237+2556 45
NGC4725 GX 9.2 1251+2527 45
NGC4889 GX 11.4 1300+2755 45
Mel 111 OC 1.8 1225+2600 45
24 Com DS 5.2 1235+1823 45
CORONA AUSTRALIS
NGC6729 EN 9.7 1902-3657 69
CORONA BOREALIS
zetaCrB DS 5.1 1539+3638 53
sigmaCrB DS 5.6 1615+3352 53
CORVUS
NGC4038 GX 10.7 1202-1855 47
NGC4039 GX 13.0 1202-1856 47
NGC4361 PN 10.0 1225-1851 47
deltaCrv DS 3.0 1230-1631 47
CYGNUS
M29 OC 6.6 2024+3834 62
M39 OC 4.6 2132+4828 62
NGC6819 OC 7.3 1942+4012 62
NGC6826 PN 10.0 1945+5032 62
NGC6888 EN 7.5 2012+3822 62
NGC6910 OC 7.4 2023+4049 62
NGC6960 SN -- 2046+3045 62
NGC6992/5 SN -- 2057+3145 62
NGC7000 EN 6.0 2059+4422 62
NGC7027 PN 10.0 2107+4216 62
NGC7063 OC 7.0 2125+3632 62
IC5146 CN 10.0 2154+4718 73
betaCyg DS 3.1 1931+2758 62
31 Cyg DS 3.8 2014+4644 62
61 Cyg DS 5.2 2107+3845 62
DELPHINUS
NGC6934 GC 8.7 2034+0724 64
NGC7006 GC 10.6 2102+1611 64
gammaDel DS 4.5 2047+1607 64
DRACO
M102 GX 10.0 1507+5544 42
NGC4236 GX 9.7 1217+6928 41
NGC5907 GX 10.4 1516+5619 42
NGC6503 GX 10.2 1749+7009 61
NGC6543 PN 8.8 1759+6638 51
muDra DS 5.7 1705+5428 52
nuDra DS 4.9 1732+5511 52
psiDra DS 4.9 1742+7209 51
16/17 Dra DS 5.4 1636+5255 52
40/41 Dra DS 5.7 1800+8000 51
ERIDANIS
NGC1232 GX 9.9 0310-2035 17
NGC1535 PN 10.4 0414-1244 17
32 Eri DS 4.8 0354-0257 17
55 Eri DS 6.7 0444-0848 16
FORNAX
NGC1097 GX 9.2 0246-3017 06
GEMINI
M35 OC 5.1 0609+2420 25
NGC2158 OC 8.6 0608+2406 25
NGC2371/2 PN 11.0 0726+2929 25
NGC2392 PN 9.9 0729+2055 25
alphaGem DS 1.9 0735+3153 25
deltaGem DS 3.5 0720+2159 25
HERCULES
M13 GC 5.9 1642+3627 52
M92 GC 6.5 1717+4307 52
NGC6210 PN 9.0 1645+2348 54
alphaHer DS 3.5 1715+1423 52
deltaHer DS 3.1 1715+2450 54
kappaHer DS 5.3 1608+1703 55
rhoHer DS 4.6 1724+3709 52
95 Her DS 5.0 1802+2136 54
HYDRA
M48 OC 5.8 0814-0549 26
M68 GC 8.2 1240-2648 47
M83 GX 7.6 1337-2954 47
NGC3242 PN 8.6 1025-1838 37
NGC5694 GC 10.2 1440-2632 46
N Hya DS 5.8 1132-2916 36
LACERTA
NGC7209 OC 7.7 2205+4630 73
NGC7243 OC 6.4 2215+4953 73
8 Lac DS 5.7 2236+3938 72
LEO
M65 GX 9.3 1119+1302 34
M66 GX 9.0 1121+1256 34
M95 GX 9.7 1044+1139 34
M96 GX 9.2 1047+1146 34
M105 GX 9.3 1048+1232 34
NGC2903 GX 8.9 0933+2128 35
NGC3384 GX 10.0 1049+1235 34
NGC3521 GX 8.9 1106-0005 34
NGC3607 GX 10.0 1117+1800 34
NGC3626 GX 10.9 1121+1818 34
NGC3628 GX 9.5 1121+1333 34
alphaLeo DS 1.4 1008+1158 35
gammaLeo DS 2.2 1020+1951 35
54 Leo DS 4.5 1056+2445 34
LEO MINOR
NGC3003 GX 11.7 0949+3323 33
NGC3344 GX 10.0 1044+2452 35
NGC3432 GX 11.3 1023+3634 33
LEPUS
M79 GC 8.0 0525-2433 16
HR1944 DS 6.4 0539-1751 16
gammaLep DS 3.8 0545-2227 16
LIBRA
NGC5897 GC 8.6 1518-2103 57
alphaLib DS 2.8 1451-1602 57
LYNX
NGC2419 GC 10.4 0739+3852 23
NGC2683 GX 9.7 0853+3323 22
12 Lyn DS 5.4 0646+5927 23
19 Lyn DS 5.6 0723+5517 23
38 Lyn DS 3.9 0919+3648 22
LYRA
M56 GC 8.3 1917+3012 63
M57 PN 9.0 1854+3303 63
betaLyr DS 3.4 1850+3322 63
zetaLyr DS 4.3 1845+3736 63
epsilonLyr DS 5.0 1844+3940 63
Struve 2404 DS 6.9 1851+1059 63
O.Struve 525 DS 6.0 1855+3358 63
MONOCEROS
M50 OC 5.9 0704-0821 27
NGC2232 OC 3.9 0627-0445 27
NGC2244 OC 4.8 0633+0452 25
NGC2251 OC 7.3 0635+0822 25
NGC2261 EN 10.0 0639+0844 25
NGC2264 CN 3.9 0642+0952 25
NGC2237+ EN -- 0631+0503 25
NGC2301 OC 6.0 0652+0027 25
NGC2343 OC 6.7 0709-1040 27
NGC2506 OC 7.6 0801-1048 26
betaMon DS 4.7 0629-0702 27
epsilonMon DS 4.5 0624+0436 25
OPHIUCHUS
M9 GC 7.9 1720-1831 56
M10 GC 6.6 1658-0126 56
M12 GC 6.6 1648-0158 56
M14 GC 7.6 1738-0315 56
M19 GC 7.2 1703-2617 56
M62 GC 6.6 1702-3008 56
M107 GC 8.1 1633-1304 56
NGC6369 PN 13.0 1730-2346 56
NGC6572 PN 9.0 1812+0651 65
NGC6633 OC 4.6 1828+0634 65
IC4665 OC 4.2 1746+0543 54
omicronOph DS 5.4 1718-2417 56
36 Oph DS 5.1 1715-2636 56
70 Oph DS 4.2 1806+0230 65
ORION
M42 EN 3.9 0536-0527 16
M43 EN 9.0 0536-0516 16
M78 RN 8.0 0547+0003 16
NGC1662 OC 6.4 0449+1057 14
NGC1788 RN -- 0507-0320 16
NGC1973+ EN -- 0535-0444 B
NGC1981 OC 4.6 0536-0426 16
NGC2022 PN 12.0 0543+0905 14
NGC2024 EN -- 0542-0151 14
NGC2169 OC 5.9 0609+1357 14
NGC2194 OC 8.5 0614+1248 14
betaOri DS 0.1 0515-0812 16
deltaOri DS 2.2 0532-0018 16
theta1 Ori DS 5.4 0536-0523 B
theta2 Ori DS 5.2 0536-0525 B
iotaOri DS 2.8 0535-0555 B
lambdaOri DS 3.6 0535+0956 14
sigmaOri DS 4.0 0539-0236 16
zetaOri DS 1.9 0541-0157 16
Struve 747 DS 4.8 0535-0600 B
PEGASUS
M15 GC 6.4 2130+1212 75
NGC7331 GX 9.5 2237+3427 72
NGC7479 GX 11.0 2305+1222 74
NGC7814 GX 10.5 0004+1612 74
epsilonPeg DS 2.4 2144+0952 75
PERSEUS
M34 OC 5.2 0243+4249 13
M76 PN 12.0 0143+5136 13
NGC869 OC 4.0 0220+5711 13
NGC884 OC 4.0 0223+5709 13
NGC1023 GX 9.5 0241+3906 13
NGC1275 GX 11.6 0320+4133 13
NGC1342 OC 6.7 0332+3722 13
NGC1491 EN -- 0404+5120 13
NGC1528 OC 6.4 0416+5115 13
NGC1582 OC 7.0 0433+4352 12
Tr2 OC 5.9 0237+5559 13
Mel20 OC 1.2 0322+4900 13
etaPer DS 3.8 0251+5554 13
Struve 331 DS 5.3 0301+5221 13
PISCES
M74 GX 9.2 0137+1549 04
alphaPsc DS 4.2 0202+0246 04
zetaPsc DS 5.6 0113+0735 05
psi1 Psc DS 5.6 0106+2128 05
65 Psc DS 6.3 0050+2743 05
PUPPIS
M46 OC 6.1 0742-1450 27
M47 OC 4.4 0737-1431 27
M93 OC 6.2 0745-2353 26
NGC2440 PN 11.0 0742-1814 26
NGC2477 OC 5.8 0753-3834 28
NGC2527 OC 6.5 0806-2811 28
NGC2539 OC 6.5 0811-1251 26
NGC2571 OC 7.0 0819-2946 28
kappaPup DS 4.5 0739-2648 27
SAGITTA
M71 GC 8.3 1954+1848 64
SAGITTARIUS
M8 CN 5.8 1804-2423 67
M17 EN 6.0 1821-1611 67
M18 OC 6.9 1820-1708 67
M20 EN 6.3 1803-2302 67
M21 OC 5.9 1805-2635 67
M22 GC 5.1 1837-2354 67
M23 OC 5.5 1757-1901 67
M24 SC 4.6 1817-1850 67
M25 OC 4.6 1832-1915 67
M28 GC 6.9 1825-2452 67
M54 GC 7.7 1856-3028 67
M55 GC 7.0 1940-3057 66
M69 GC 7.7 1832-3221 67
M70 GC 8.1 1844-3217 67
M75 GC 8.6 2007-2154 66
NGC6445 PN 13.0 1750-2001 67
NGC6520 OC 8.0 1804-2754 67
NGC6716 OC 6.9 1855-1952 67
NGC6818 PN 10.0 1944-1408 66
NGC6822 GX 9.0 1945-1447 66
SCORPIUS
M4 GC 5.9 1624-2633 56
M6 OC 4.2 1741-3213 58
M7 OC 3.3 1754-3449 58
M80 GC 7.2 1617-2300 56
NGC6124 OC 5.8 1626-4041 58
NGC6302 PN 13.0 1714-3707 58
betaSco DS 2.6 1605-1948 56
nuSco DS 4.3 1612-1928 56
xiSco DS 4.8 1604-1122 56
Struve 1999 DS 7.4 1604-1127 56
SCULPTOR
NGC55 GX 8.0 0015-3908 78
NGC253 GX 7.1 0048-2514 07
NGC300 GX 9.0 0055-3738 09
SCUTUM
M11 OC 5.8 1852-0615 67
M26 OC 8.0 1846-0923 67
NGC6712 GC 8.2 1854-0841 67
SERPENS CAPUT
M5 GC 5.8 1519+0203 55
deltaSer DS 4.2 1535+1032 55
SERPENS CAUDA
M16 CN 6.0 1819-1347 67
IC4756 OC 4.6 1839+0527 65
thetaSer DS 4.5 1856+0412 65
SEXTANS
NGC3115 GX 9.2 1006-0745 37
TAURUS
M1 SN 8.4 0535+2201 14
M45 OC 1.2 0047+2407 15
NGC1514 PN 10.0 0410+3048 15
NGC1647 OC 6.4 OC 0446+1905 15
NGC1746 OC 6.0 0504+2350 14
NGC1807 OC 7.0 0511+1633 14
NGC1817 OC 7.7 0513+1643 14
Mel25 OC 1.0 0427+1600 15
chiTau DS 5.5 0423+2538 15
118 Tau DS 5.8 0529+2509 14
TRIANGULUM
M33 GX 5.7 0134+3041 02
iotaTri DS 5.3 0212+3018 02
URSA MAJOR
M40 DS 9.0 1222+5805 32
M81 GX 6.9 0956+6902 31
M82 GX 8.4 0956+6939 31
M97 PN 11.2 1115+548 32
M101 GX 7.7 1403+5419 42
M108 GX 10.1 1112+5537 32
M109 GX 9.8 1158+5320 32
NGC2841 GX 9.3 0923+5056 33
NGC3079 GX 10.6 1003+5539 33
NGC3184 GX 9.8 1019+4123 33
NGC3877 GX 12.0 1147+4727 32
NGC3941 GX 11.0 1153+3656 32
NGC4026 GX 12.0 1200+5055 32
NGC4088 GX 10.5 1206+5030 32
NGC4157 GX 12.0 1212+5026 32
NGC4605 GX 11.0 1240+6134 32
zetaUMa DS 2.3 1324+5456 32
URSA MINOR
alphaUMi DS 2.0 0232+8916 01
VIRGO
M49 GX 8.4 1230+0757 C
M58 GX 9.8 1238+1146 C
M59 GX 9.8 1242+1136 C
M60 GX 8.8 1244+1130 C
M61 GX 9.7 1222+0425 45
M84 GX 9.3 1226+1250 C
M86 GX 9.2 1227+1254 C
M87 GX 8.6 1231+1221 C
M89 GX 9.8 1236+1230 C
M90 GX 9.5 1237+1307 C
M104 GX 8.3 1240-1140 47
NGC4216 GX 10.0 1216+1306 C
NGC4388 GX 11.1 1226+1237 C
NGC4438 GX 10.1 1228+1258 C
NGC4517 GX 10.5 1233+0004 45
NGC4526 GX 9.6 1234+0739 C
NGC4535 GX 9.8 1235+0809 C
NGC4567/8 GX 11.3 1237+1112 C
NGC4697 GX 9.3 1249-0551 47
NGC4699 GX 9.6 1249-0843 47
NGC4762 GX 10.2 1253+1111 C
NGC5746 GX 10.6 1445+0155 44
gammaVir DS 3.5 1242-0127 45
VULPECULA
M27 PN 8.1 2000+2244 64
NGC6802 OC 8.8 1931+2017 64
NGC6823 CN 7.1 1943+2319 64
NGC6882/5 OC 6.0 2012+2630 64
NGC6940 OC 6.3 2035+2820 64
Cr 399 OC 3.6 1925+2011 64
*****
'Observatory Dedicated to Boy Scouts of America'
(June 1998, BSA)
For the past three years, amateur astronomers Stephen Saber and Gene Evans have been showing the wonders of the night sky to visitors at the Loud Thunder Illowa Scout Camp and Forest Preserve in Illinois City, IL.
June and July alone see more than 2,000 Scouts from across the nation (and overseas) pass through the camp, and each are given the opportunity to view the Moon, planets, and distant galaxies through telescopes and binoculars.
The response was so well received that the HON corporation in Muscatine, Iowa funded the construction of a permanent astronomical observatory at the camp, the first specifically dedicated for use by the Boy Scouts of America.
In keeping with the forest preserve's Native American roots, the observatory was named Akotah Kanikamocik Acahkosak (The Place of Singing Stars).
Operated and maintained by Saber and Evans, the 18-foot automated dome houses a 14-inch Schmitt-Cassegrain telescope, and is available for all visiting Scout troops and their families.
[Despite my efforts and research to poetically name the observatory, it wasn't too suprising that the visiting Scouts almost immediately dubbed it the 'Thunderdome' (and I, accordingly, became 'Mad Max'). -Saber]
*****
Starparties are more than just our chance to combine forces collecting photons, converse with friends, and show-off our new astro toys. Veterans also have the chance to flex their expertise as celestial tour guides for the visiting public.
And after offering thousands of visitors their first up-close glimpses of the heavens, I'd like to share some of my personal favorite laymans' reactions at the eyepiece.
HELIOPHOBIA: It was a beautiful day for Solar observing among the Red Rocks of Arizona. I had a long line forming behind my mounted and filtered 80mm giant binos. But a middle-aged woman 'on deck' was becoming increasingly reluctant despite the safety reassurances from me and those of her family that had already taken a peek. Without warning, her panic attack erupted with accompanying hysterical ranting about a possible intimate view of our star 'invading her spirit' and 'stealing her soul'. She ran from the line and spent the next 10 minutes waiting for the rest of her family crouched in fear and peering from behind a nearby building.
HAVE YOU HUGGED AN ASTROLOGER TODAY?: Mighty Jove never fails to make an impression with newbies. After taking a long look with praise and awe at Jupiter, an excited woman began gushing me with thanks and multiple bearhugs. Turns out she was an avid astrologer who had never had the chance to see her favorite planet 'live' among her birthsign's stars. She was so appreciative that I didn't have the heart to explain that Jupiter was nowhere near the constellation she had hoped.
LUNAR VERTIGO: A young lady in line for her first telescopic view of our moon got a bit more than she expected. That night, for kicks, I was employing the porthole effects of a 16mm Nagler. After about ten mesmerized seconds she managed a quiet and appreciative "Whoa". At almost the same time her knees slowly buckled. She fell onto my accessories table while still clutching the now teetering scope's diagonal. Fortunately my reflexes and moral priorities were on keel that night as I grabbed both the woman's arm and my tripod almost simultaneously, narrowly avoiding certain disaster. (Those Naglers should really come with a physiological warning!)
A SATURNIAN COMA: Saturn looked great that night. I was even envious that this massive group of Cub Scouts was going to enjoy such an incredibly crisp view of our ringed planet at only their first opportunity. In fact, an eager Scout about fifth in line was so literally floored by his view that he fell backwards into the grass and laid quietly mumbling "Oh God, Oh God, Oh God..." while blankly staring at the heavens for at least the next ten minutes. Not only was it amusing, but he made a great shill for those now anxiously waiting in my line.
IT TAKES A STEADY HAND: Back in the day, I used to whip out my red laser pointer at Outreach events to secretly coincide with Mir passes and Iridium flares.
Inevitably, one of the first questions asked was how far the beam would reach, to which I'd respond, "Pretty far. In fact, there are plenty of satellites above us in orbit (casually scanning the skies with the pointer), and sometimes you can catch them (aiming more intently now) at just the right angle and..."
(-7 mag Iridium flare erupts amidst gasps and cheers of amazement).
[Note: Due to recent public GLP misuse and to promote responsible laser use, I no longer perform this 'magic' light show.
But it was quite a crowd pleaser!]
GEE! NO, G.E.!: I overheard the story of
a Boy Scout camp offering the Astronomy merit badge to any hardy souls who could stay up late enough for the entire viewing session. The instructor had trained his scope on a bright planet (presumably Venus) just cresting the ridge across a valley. After the group had a look, he moved on to other objects for a few hours. Toward the end of the session, he returned to the planet they'd viewed earlier. Oddly enough, the luminous object appeared no higher in the sky than it had hours earlier. And on closer inspection, he noticed that it was in fact slightly below the ridge line on the far side of the valley. At that point the instructor realized he'd been training the scope on a street light.
At the end of that week of camp, the staff presented him with a plaque bearing a light bulb to commemorate the discovery of his new planet dubbed 'G.E.' (for General Electric).
WE DON'T NEED NO STEENKING EYEPIECES: Some folks just can't wait to get their first intimate views of the night sky. In a recent story of enthusiasm meeting confusion, I hadn't even mounted my giant binos before an excited elderly gentleman first in line eagerly attempted a peek at the Pleiades thru my tripod boom arm's stock.
He was so thoroughly chastized for this faux pas by his overbearing wife that I sympathetically passed on chiding him with "So, how was the view?"
MOON, SCHMOON: As part of a local elementary school's science fair, I was invited to bring my 8" SCT to share views of our moon and available planets.
Unfortunately, it decided to rain that evening.
Switching to Plan B, I set-up in the gymnasium and taped a blown-up 18" photo of our gibbous moon (laminated and cut round for just such an occasion) high above the bleachers at the opposite end of the gym.
Although the angle of my diagonal merely misled most folks as to location of the substitute-moon, one suspicious 3rd grader wasn't buying any part of this astronomical charade stating, "How can that be the Moon? I was just outside and couldn't see it at all through the clouds!"
He did not, however, seem to have a problem believing my scope was capable of first penetrating the building's ceiling.
FROM THE PUBLIC SOLAR COMPLAINTS DEPT.
"If it's so dangerous to look at the eclipse, then why are they having
one at all?"
"Why do we have Daylight Savings Time? That extra hour of sunlight is
killing my grass."
"Me and my class cannot make it to the Solar Eclipse on Wednesday.
Can you reschedule it?"
EYE OF THE BEHOLDER: A line of elementary school students, along with some of the faculty, were taking turns at my scope viewing the available sunspots. After taking a peek, one exceptional 2nd grader began calmly explaining this Solar phenomenon to his nearby classmates. He recited perfectly facts concerning umbras and penumbras, surface temperature differences, approximate sizes of sunspots, as well as Sol's diameter and rotational period.
This was in some contrast to the next sunspot observer, the school's principal, who excitedly spun toward me from the eyepiece and simply exclaimed, "Wow! They look like ants!"
VICTORY SPIKE FOR VENUS: I was asked to host a daytime observing session at a nearby youth summer camp. Luckily, conditions were wonderful and the cloudless sky was about as blue as it gets in the Midwest. Hundreds of people had the opportunity to view Sol and Luna.
After lunch, Venus had also climbed high enough in the sky to make it an unscheduled but viable target. Among the first batch of afternoon campers, it was this group's adult counselor that was most excited that another planet might actually be observable during daylight hours. Upon seeing the admittedly pretty but featureless crescent of our sister planet for the first time, she began a touchdown-worthy dance around my scope. The 90 lb. woman's tirade included ecstatic screams and culminated with her falling to her knees and repeatedly pounding tiny fists into the ground.
(And to think I was just gonna stick to sunspots and craters!)
Of course, extreme reactions from views of our celestial treasures are always entertaining. But vicariously seeing the wonders above through a first-timers eyes should also always remind us- lest we take them for granted- of how beautiful, intriguing, and awe-inspiring the Cosmos and its aesthetics truly are.
Stephen Saber has received the Master Observer's award from the Astronomical League and is author of the 'Starhoppers Guide to the Herschel 400'.
He curses the clouds from his home in Rock Island, Illinois.
*****
Did you know that depriving large-aperture scopes of their
full deepsky potential is the #2 cause of cloudy nights?
Probably not. I just made it up.
Anyway, this should help take most of the gruntwork out of
preparing for the Astronomical League's ultimate fuzzy hunt.
Your Lightbucket is still hungry.
Feed it Herschel IIs.
TARGET DISTRIBUTION AND MIDNIGHT CULMINATION
DATES FOR THE H II CONSTELLATIONS
CMA (4 targets) JAN 2
GEM (3) JAN 5
MON (13) JAN 5
PUP (5) JAN 8
LYN (4) JAN 19
SEX (1) FEB 22
LMI (4) FEB 23
LEO (20) MAR 1
UMA (39) MAR 11
CRT (9) MAR 12
HYA (13) MAR 15
CRV (2) MAR 28
COM (19) APR 2
CVN (16) APR 7
VIR (62) APR 11
BOO (12) MAY 2
LIB (9) MAY 9
DRA (11) MAY 24
SER (3) JUN 6
HER (7) JUN 13
SGR (4) JUL 7
AQL (3) JUL 16
VUL (2) JUL 25
CYG (11) JUL 30
CAP (1) AUG 8
AQR (6) AUG 25
LAC (1) AUG 28
PEG (13) SEP 1
SCL (2) SEP 26
PSC (15) SEP 27
CEP (7) SEP 29
AND (4) OCT 9
CAS (2) OCT 9
CET (15) OCT 15
TRI (5) OCT 23
ARI (3) OCT 30
PER (13) NOV 7
ERI (17) NOV 10
TAU (3) NOV 30
ORI (8) DEC 11
LEP (3) DEC 14
AUR (3) DEC 21
CAM (3) DEC 23
NGC SEARCH SEQUENCES BY CONSTELLATION
CANIS MAJOR
2283 2367 2359 2374
GEMINI
2274 2331 2339
MONOCEROS
2170 2182 2252 2236 2254 2261 2245 2259
2269 2302 2309 2316 2346
PUPPIS
2396 2414 2432 2467 2525
LYNX
2415 2493 2500 2541
SEXTANS
3156
LEO MINOR
3254 3430 3424 3158
LEO
3107 3177 3162 3301 3274 3338 3596 3605
3599 3507 3681 3659 3067 3646 3689 3524
3547 3666 3705 3611
URSA MAJOR
2639 2756 2880 2805 3065 3516 3073 3225
3359 3668 3622 3642 3669 3683 3756 3319
3583 4271 4290 4605 4096 4144 4047 4100
4157 4013 3652 4062 5447 5462 5485 5443
5585 5204 5308 5430 5481 5480 5448
CRATER
3513 3511 3693 3732 3672 3636 3637 3892
3887
HYDRA
2610 2781 2855 2889 2784 2765 2986 3078
3145 3585 4105 5061 5078
CORVUS
4024 4039
COMA BERENICES
4237 4152 4212 4189 4298 4302 4312 4379
4340 4336 4571 4185 4169 4136 4310 4359
5056 5012 5053
CANES VENATICI
4248 4220 4217 4369 4244 4138 4395 4914
4956 5023 5103 5440 5444 5445 5371 5383
VIRGO
4045 4073 4168 4267 4299 4294 4313 4124
4233 4224 4235 4241 4260 4264 4270 4339
4343 4608 4647 4639 4519 4612 4586 4880
5020 5129 4691 4904 4999 4487 4941 4915
4981 4928 4939 4742 5077 4984 4902 5044
5037 5018 5084 5068 5087 5134 5493 5426
5506 5507 5560 5638 5668 5750 5775 5806
5813 5831 5838 5850 5854 5864
BOOTES
5520 5660 5687 5582 5533 5529 5590 5899
5523 5548 5490 5600
LIBRA
5812 5861 5878 5756 5728 5791 5605 5595
5597
DRACO
3682 4133 4236 4250 4256 4291 4319 5879
5985 6015 6340
SERPENS
5970 6070 6604
HERCULES
6106 6181 6166 6058 6155 6239 6548
SAGITTARIUS
6507 6526 6596 6717
AQUILA
6814 6772 6804
VULPECULA
6793 6800
CYGNUS
6894 6857 6888 6960 6992 6824 6991 6997
7031 7067 7082
CAPRICORNUS
6907
AQUARIUS
7184 7218 7171 7377 7392 7600
LACERTA
7245
PEGASUS
7156 7042 7177 7465 7463 7332 7457 7619
7626 7623 7742 7814 23
SCULPTOR
7507 24
PISCES
7541 7562 7785 7832 125 198 315 410
499 514 660 665 706 741 718
CEPHEUS
7023 7129 7139 7354 7419 7762 1184
ANDROMEDA
7640 206 214 513
CASSIOPEIA
7635 896
CETUS
175 217 151 337 357 636 428 991 1045
1035 1032 1073 1087 1090 1070
TRIANGULUM
672 604 890 925 1060
ARIES
821 1156 1012
PERSEUS
1058 1003 1207 1175 1193 1161 1169 1348
1491 1579 1582 1605 1624
ERIDANIS
1187 1114 1172 1199 1209 1162 1325 1332
1353 1400 1421 1507 1600 1618 1637 1700
1779
TAURUS
1514 1750 1587
ORION
1762 1662 1663 1977 1990 2023 2071 2112
LEPUS
1832 2139 2196
AURIGA
1883 1778 2192
CAMELOPARDALIS
2253 2347 2366
*****
Lunation 1071
New Moon 22 July 2009 0235ut
Areas offering favorable net elongation as altitude
are indicated in gold/green above with corresponding
sighting data provided below.
Angular Size/Distance
@-24hours 33.26'/359316km
@ 00hours 33.34'/358462km
@+24hours 33.24'/359496km
Declination
@-24hours +23°16'
@ 00hours +19°33'
@+24hours +14°29'
Colongitude
@-24h 256.9°
@ 00h 269.3°
@+24h 281.6°
%Illumination/Mag
@-24hours 0.16/-1.4
@+24hours 0.15/-1.4
50n120w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 46m
moonrise/azimuth: 1128ut/52*
altaz at sunrise: 4.5*/61*
sunrise/azimuth: 1214ut/55*
age at moonrise: -15h07m
30n120w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 36m
moonrise/azimuth: 1236ut/63*
altaz at sunrise: 5.5*/67*
sunrise/azimuth: 1312ut/65*
age at moonrise: -13h59m
50n90w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 53m
moonrise/azimuth: 0921ut/52*
altaz at sunrise: 5.5*/61*
sunrise/azimuth: 1014ut/55*
age at moonrise: -17h14m
30n90w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 42m
moonrise/azimuth: 1030ut/63*
altaz at sunrise: 7.0*/68*
sunrise/azimuth: 1112ut/65*
age at moonrise: -16h25m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 37m
sunset/azimuth: 0100ut/294*
altaz at sunset: 6.3*/283*
moonset/azimuth: 0137ut/288*
age at sunset: 22h25m
10n90w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 36m
moonrise/azimuth: 1111ut/66*
altaz at sunrise: 6.5*/68*
sunrise/azimuth: 1147ut/69*
age at moonrise: -15h24m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 45m
sunset/azimuth: 0026ut/290*
altaz at sunset: 9.2*/284*
moonset/azimuth: 0111ut/285*
age at sunset: 21h51m
50n60w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 01h00m
moonrise/azimuth: 0714ut/51*
altaz at sunrise: 6.4*/62*
sunrise/azimuth: 0814ut/55*
age at moonrise: -19h21m
10n60w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 41m
moonrise/azimuth: 0906ut/66*
altaz at sunrise: 8.0*/68*
sunrise/azimuth: 0947ut/69*
age at moonrise: -17h29m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 40m
sunset/azimuth: 2226ut/290*
altaz at sunset: 8.2*/285*
moonset/azimuth: 2306ut/286*
age at sunset: 19h51m
10s60w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 35m
moonrise/azimuth: 0942ut/66*
altaz at sunrise: 6.3*/65*
sunrise/azimuth: 1017ut/69*
age at moonrise: -16h53m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 46m
sunset/azimuth: 2156ut/290*
altaz at sunset: 9.2*/288*
moonset/azimuth: 2242ut/286*
age at sunset: 19h21m
30s60w
-24h waxing
moonset window: 51m
sunset/azimuth: 2123ut/292*
altaz at sunset: 8.5*/295*
moonset/azimuth: 2214ut/288*
age at sunset: 18h45m
50n00e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 01h14m
moonrise/azimuth: 0259ut/50*
altaz at sunrise: 8.3*/63*
sunrise/azimuth: 0413ut/55*
age at moonrise: -23h36m
30n00e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 01h01m
moonrise/azimuth: 0411ut/62*
altaz at sunrise: 10.2*/69*
sunrise/azimuth: 0512ut/65*
age at moonrise: -22h24m
10n00e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 52m
moonrise/azimuth: 0455ut/65*
altaz at sunrise: 10.2*/67*
sunrise/azimuth: 0547ut/69*
age at moonrise: -21h40m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 32m
sunset/azimuth: 1826ut/290*
altaz at sunset: 6.1*/286*
moonset/azimuth: 1858ut/287*
age at sunset: 15h51m
30n30e
(-25h waning)
sunrise window: 01h07m
moonrise/azimuth: 0205ut/61*
altaz at sunrise: 11.3*/69*
sunrise/azimuth: 0312ut/65*
age at moonrise: -24h30m
10n30e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 58m
moonrise/azimuth: 0249ut/65*
altaz at sunrise: 11.3*/67*
sunrise/azimuth: 0347ut/69*
age at moonrise: -23h46m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 27m
sunset/azimuth: 1626ut/290*
altaz at sunset: 5.1*/286*
moonset/azimuth: 1653ut/287*
age at sunset: 13h51m
10s30e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 50m
moonrise/azimuth: 0327ut/65*
altaz at sunrise: 9.4*/63*
sunrise/azimuth: 0417ut/69*
age at moonrise: -23h08m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 31m
sunset/azimuth: 1556ut/290*
altaz at sunset: 5.5*/289*
moonset/azimuth: 1627ut/287*
age at sunset: 13h21m
30s30e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 41m
moonrise/azimuth: 0410ut/62*
altaz at sunrise: 6.2*/57*
sunrise/azimuth: 0451ut/67*
age at moonrise: -22h25m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 33m
sunset/azimuth: 1523ut/293*
altaz at sunset: 5.2*/294*
moonset/azimuth: 1556ut/290*
age at sunset: 12h48m
Lunation 1072
New Moon 20 August 2009 1002ut
Areas offering favorable net elongation as altitude
are indicated in gold/green above with corresponding
sighting data provided below.
Angular Size/Distance
@-24hours 33.2'/359748km
@ 00hours 33.0'/362321km
@+24hours 32.6'/366489km
Declination
@-24hours +12°44'
@ 00hours +09°20'
@+24hours +02°59'
Colongitude
@-24h 255.3°
@ 00h 267.6°
@+24h 279.8°
%Illumination/Mag
@-24hours 0.15/-1.4
@+24hours 0.15/-1.4
60n160w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 58m
moonrise/azimuth: 1406ut/58*
altaz at sunrise: 5.1*/71*
sunrise/azimuth: 1504ut/62*
age at moonrise: -19h56m
20n160w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 43m
moonrise/azimuth: 1538ut/74*
altaz at sunrise: 8.3*/78*
sunrise/azimuth: 1621ut/76*
age at moonrise: -18h24m
50n120w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 01h01m
moonrise/azimuth: 1154ut/65*
altaz at sunrise: 7.4*/76*
sunrise/azimuth: 1255ut/69*
age at moonrise: -22h08m
30n120w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 53m
moonrise/azimuth: 1236ut/72*
altaz at sunrise: 9.3*/78*
sunrise/azimuth: 1329ut/74*
age at moonrise: -21h26m
50n90w
(-25h waning)
sunrise window: 01h08m
moonrise/azimuth: 0947ut/64*
altaz at sunrise: 8.5*/77*
sunrise/azimuth: 1055ut/68*
age at moonrise: -24h15m
30n90w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 58m
moonrise/azimuth: 1031ut/71*
altaz at sunrise: 10.4*/78*
sunrise/azimuth: 1129ut/74*
age at moonrise: -23h31m
10n90w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 52m
moonrise/azimuth: 1058ut/74*
altaz at sunrise: 10.5*/76*
sunrise/azimuth: 1150ut/77*
age at moonrise: -23h04m
10s60w
(-25h waning)
sunrise window: 52m
moonrise/azimuth: 0917ut/73*
altaz at sunrise: 10.5*/71*
sunrise/azimuth: 1009ut/77*
age at moonrise: -24h45m
30s60w
(-25h waning)
sunrise window: 44m
moonrise/azimuth: 0945ut/71*
altaz at sunrise: 7.4*/66*
sunrise/azimuth: 1029ut/76*
age at moonrise: -24h17m
10n120e
(-25h waxing)
moonset window: 38m
sunset/azimuth: 1016ut/282*
altaz at sunset: 8.1*/272*
moonset/azimuth: 1054ut/273*
age at sunset: 24h14m
10s120e
-24h waxing
moonset window: 50m
sunset/azimuth: 0959ut/282*
altaz at sunset: 10.5*/276*
moonset/azimuth: 1049ut/273*
age at sunset: 23h57m
30s120e
-24h waxing
moonset window: 01h03m
sunset/azimuth: 0940ut/283*
altaz at sunset: 12.0*/282*
moonset/azimuth: 1043ut/274*
age at sunset: 23h38m
10s150e
-24h waxing
moonset window: 46m
sunset/azimuth: 0759ut/282*
altaz at sunset: 9.5*/276*
moonset/azimuth: 0845ut/274*
age at sunset: 21h57m
30s150e
-24h waxing
moonset window: 58m
sunset/azimuth: 0740ut/283*
altaz at sunset: 10.5*/282*
moonset/azimuth: 0838ut/274*
age at sunset: 21h38m
Lunation 1073
New Moon 18 September 2009 1844ut
Areas offering favorable net elongation as altitude
are indicated in gold/green above with corresponding
sighting data provided below.
Angular Size/Distance
@-24hours 33.1'/361450km
@ 00hours 32.8'/364296km
@+24hours 32.4'/368577km
Declination
@-24hours +03°27'
@ 00hours -03°02'
@+24hours -09°15'
Colongitude
@-24h 253.8°
@ 00h 266.0°
@+24h 278.2°
%Illumination/Mag
@-24hours 0.14/-1.4
@+24hours 0.13/-1.0
10n00e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 30m
moonrise/azimuth: 0519ut/88*
altaz at sunrise: 6.0*/90*
sunrise/azimuth: 0549ut/88*
age at moonrise: -12h55m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 29m
sunset/azimuth: 1759ut/271*
altaz at sunset: 6.0*/260*
moonset/azimuth: 1828ut/261*
age at sunset: 23h15m
30n30e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 33m
moonrise/azimuth: 0312ut/88*
altaz at sunrise: 6.0*/92*
sunrise/azimuth: 0345ut/87*
age at moonrise: -14h59m
10n30e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 34m
moonrise/azimuth: 0315ut/88*
altaz at sunrise: 7.1*/89*
sunrise/azimuth: 0349ut/88*
age at moonrise: -14h55m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 26m
sunset/azimuth: 1559ut/271*
altaz at sunset: 5.1*/261*
moonset/azimuth: 1625ut/262*
age at sunset: 21h15m
10s30e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 34m
moonrise/azimuth: 0317ut/88*
altaz at sunrise: 7.0*/87*
sunrise/azimuth: 0351ut/88*
age at moonrise: -14h53m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 39m
sunset/azimuth: 1557ut/271*
altaz at sunset: 8.2*/263*
moonset/azimuth: 1636ut/262*
age at sunset: 21h13m
30s30e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 34m
moonrise/azimuth: 0320ut/88*
altaz at sunrise: 6.1*/84*
sunrise/azimuth: 0354ut/88*
age at moonrise: -13h24m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 55m
sunset/azimuth: 1555ut/271*
altaz at sunset: 10.2*/267*
moonset/azimuth: 1650ut/260*
age at sunset: 21h11m
30n60e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 39m
moonrise/azimuth: 0106ut/87*
altaz at sunrise: 7.0*/92*
sunrise/azimuth: 0145ut/87*
age at moonrise: -17h38m
50n90e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 46m
moonrise/azimuth: 2253ut/85*
altaz at sunrise: 6.0*/94*
sunrise/azimuth: 2339ut/86*
age at moonrise: -19h51m
30n90e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 44m
moonrise/azimuth: 2301ut/86*
altaz at sunrise: 8.1*/92*
sunrise/azimuth: 2345ut/87*
age at moonrise: -19h43m
10n90e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 43m
moonrise/azimuth: 2306ut/87*
altaz at sunrise: 9.2*/89*
sunrise/azimuth: 2349ut/88*
age at moonrise: -19h38m
50n120e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 53m
moonrise/azimuth: 2046ut/84*
altaz at sunrise: 7.0*/94*
sunrise/azimuth: 2139ut/85*
age at moonrise: -21h58m
30n120e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 50m
moonrise/azimuth: 2055ut/86*
altaz at sunrise: 9.2*/92*
sunrise/azimuth: 2145ut/87*
age at moonrise: -21h49m
10n120e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 48m
moonrise/azimuth: 2101ut/86*
altaz at sunrise: 10.2*/88*
sunrise/azimuth: 2149ut/88*
age at moonrise: -21h43m
10s120e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 46m
moonrise/azimuth: 2106ut/86*
altaz at sunrise: 10.0*/84*
sunrise/azimuth: 2152ut/88*
age at moonrise: -21h38m
30s120e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 42m
moonrise/azimuth: 2112ut/86*
altaz at sunrise: 7.5*/81*
sunrise/azimuth: 2154ut/88*
age at moonrise: -21h32m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 39m
sunset/azimuth: 0955ut/271*
altaz at sunset: 7.0*/267*
moonset/azimuth: 1034ut/262*
age at sunset: 15h11m
50n150e
(-25h waning)
sunrise window: 01h00m
moonrise/azimuth: 1839ut/83*
altaz at sunrise: 8.1*/95*
sunrise/azimuth: 1939ut/85*
age at moonrise: -24h05m
10s150e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 50m
moonrise/azimuth: 1902ut/86*
altaz at sunrise: 10.5*/84*
sunrise/azimuth: 1952ut/88*
age at moonrise: -23h42m
30s150e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 45m
moonrise/azimuth: 1909ut/85*
altaz at sunrise: 8.3*/80*
sunrise/azimuth: 1954ut/88*
age at moonrise: -23h35m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 33m
sunset/azimuth: 0755ut/271*
altaz at sunset: 6.0*/267*
moonset/azimuth: 0828ut/263*
age at sunset: 13h11m
Lunation 1074
New Moon 18 October 2009 0533ut
Areas offering favorable net elongation as altitude
are indicated in gold/green above with corresponding
sighting data provided below.
Angular Size/Distance
@-24hours 31.5'/379454km
@ 00hours 31.2'/383350km
@+24hours 30.8'/390766km
Declination
@-24hours -09°22'
@ 00hours -14°45'
@+24hours -19°19'
Colongitude
@-24h 252.8°
@ 00h 264.9°
@+24h 277.0°
%Illumination/Mag
@-24hours 0.13/-1.0
@+24hours 0.12/-0.7
20n160w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 28m
moonrise/azimuth: 1607ut/102*
altaz at sunrise: 5.1*/104*
sunrise/azimuth: 1635ut/99*
age at moonrise: -13h26m
30n120w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 32m
moonrise/azimuth: 1331ut/102*
altaz at sunrise: 5.3*/106*
sunrise/azimuth: 1403ut/100*
age at moonrise: -16h02m
30n90w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 38m
moonrise/azimuth: 1125ut/102*
altaz at sunrise: 6.4*/106*
sunrise/azimuth: 1203ut/100*
age at moonrise: -18h08m
10n90w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 40m
moonrise/azimuth: 1108ut/100*
altaz at sunrise: 8.2*/102*
sunrise/azimuth: 1148ut/99*
age at moonrise: -18h25m
10n60w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 44m
moonrise/azimuth: 0904ut/100*
altaz at sunrise: 9.2*/102*
sunrise/azimuth: 0948ut/99*
age at moonrise: -20h27m
10s60w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 46m
moonrise/azimuth: 0849ut/99*
altaz at sunrise: 9.5*/98*
sunrise/azimuth: 0935ut/99*
age at moonrise: -20h44m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 29m
sunset/azimuth: 2156ut/259*
altaz at sunset: 5.4*/253*
moonset/azimuth: 2225ut/252*
age at sunset: 16h23m
30s60w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 46m
moonrise/azimuth: 0833ut/101*
altaz at sunrise: 8.4*/96*
sunrise/azimuth: 0919ut/101*
age at moonrise: -21h00m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 43m
sunset/azimuth: 2213ut/258*
altaz at sunset: 7.3*/254*
moonset/azimuth: 2256ut/249*
age at sunset: 16h40m
50n00e
(-25h waning)
sunrise window: 52m
moonrise/azimuth: 0532ut/103*
altaz at sunrise: 6.3*/113*
sunrise/azimuth: 0624ut/103*
age at moonrise: -24h01m
30n00e
(-25h waning)
sunrise window: 53m
moonrise/azimuth: 0509ut/100*
altaz at sunrise: 9.4*/107*
sunrise/azimuth: 0602ut/100*
age at moonrise: -24h24m
10n00e
(-25h waning)
sunrise window: 53m
moonrise/azimuth: 0455ut/99*
altaz at sunrise: 11.3*/101*
sunrise/azimuth: 0548ut/99*
age at moonrise: -24h38m
10s150e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 26m
moonrise/azimuth: 1908ut/102*
altaz at sunrise: 5.1*/101*
sunrise/azimuth: 1934ut/100*
age at moonrise: -10h25m
30s150e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 30m
moonrise/azimuth: 1848ut/104*
altaz at sunrise: 5.2*/100*
sunrise/azimuth: 1918ut/101*
age at moonrise: -10h45m
Lunation 1075
New Moon 16 November 2009 1914ut
Areas offering favorable net elongation as altitude
are indicated in gold/green above with corresponding
sighting data provided below.
Angular Size/Distance
@-24hours 31.1'/384008km
@ 00hours 30.8'/387480km
@+24hours 30.6'/391109km
Declination
@-24hours -20°38'
@ 00hours -23°55'
@+24hours -25°57'
Colongitude
@-24h 252.6°
@ 00h 264.7°
@+24h 276.9°
%Illumination/Mag
@-24hours 0.12/-1.0
@+24hours 0.09/-0.3
10n00e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 27m
moonrise/azimuth: 0527ut/111*
altaz at sunrise: 5.0*/113*
sunrise/azimuth: 0554ut/109*
age at moonrise: -13h47m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 36m
sunset/azimuth: 1735ut/250*
altaz at sunset: 6.4*/243*
moonset/azimuth: 1811ut/244*
age at sunset: 22h21m
10n30e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 32m
moonrise/azimuth: 0322ut/111*
altaz at sunrise: 6.0*/113*
sunrise/azimuth: 0354ut/109*
age at moonrise: -15h52m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 31m
sunset/azimuth: 1535ut/250*
altaz at sunset: 5.5*/243*
moonset/azimuth: 1606ut/244*
age at sunset: 20h21m
10s30e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 37m
moonrise/azimuth: 0250ut/111*
altaz at sunrise: 7.2*/110*
sunrise/azimuth: 0327ut/109*
age at moonrise: -16h24m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 42m
sunset/azimuth: 1603ut/250*
altaz at sunset: 8.1*/246*
moonset/azimuth: 1645ut/244*
age at sunset: 20h49m
30s30e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 42m
moonrise/azimuth: 0213ut/114*
altaz at sunrise: 7.1*/109*
sunrise/azimuth: 0255ut/112*
age at moonrise: -17h01m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 55m
sunset/azimuth: 1636ut/247*
altaz at sunset: 9.2*/247*
moonset/azimuth: 1731ut/240*
age at sunset: 21h22m
10n90e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 41m
moonrise/azimuth: 2313ut/110*
altaz at sunrise: 8.0*/113*
sunrise/azimuth: 2354ut/109*
age at moonrise: -20h01m
30n120e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 41m
moonrise/azimuth: 2144ut/113*
altaz at sunrise: 6.4*/118*
sunrise/azimuth: 2225ut/111*
age at moonrise: -21h30m
10n120e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 45m
moonrise/azimuth: 2109ut/110*
altaz at sunrise: 9.0*/113*
sunrise/azimuth: 2154ut/108*
age at moonrise: -22h05m
10s120e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 49m
moonrise/azimuth: 2038ut/110*
altaz at sunrise: 10.0*/109*
sunrise/azimuth: 2127ut/109*
age at moonrise: -22h36m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 29m
sunset/azimuth: 1003ut/250*
altaz at sunset: 5.2*/246*
moonset/azimuth: 1032ut/245*
age at sunset: 14h49m
30s120e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 52m
moonrise/azimuth: 2003ut/113*
altaz at sunrise: 9.2*/107*
sunrise/azimuth: 2055ut/112*
age at moonrise: -23h11m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 40m
sunset/azimuth: 1036ut/247*
altaz at sunset: 6.3*/246*
moonset/azimuth: 1116ut/241*
age at sunset: 15h22m
10s150e
(-25h waning)
sunrise window: 49m
moonrise/azimuth: 1834ut/110*
altaz at sunrise: 11.0*/108*
sunrise/azimuth: 1927ut/109*
age at moonrise: -24h40m
30s150e
(-26h waning)
sunrise window: 55m
moonrise/azimuth: 1800ut/113*
altaz at sunrise: 10.0*/106*
sunrise/azimuth: 1855ut/112*
age at moonrise: -25h16m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 35m
sunset/azimuth: 0836ut/247*
altaz at sunset: 5.4*/245*
moonset/azimuth: 0911ut/241*
age at sunset: 13h22m
Lunation 1076
New Moon 16 December 2009 1202ut
Areas offering favorable net elongation as altitude
are indicated in gold/green above with corresponding
sighting data provided below.
Angular Size/Distance
@-24hours 30.1'/397329km
@ 00hours 29.8'/401101km
@+24hours 29.6'/404257km
Declination
@-24hours -26°09'
@ 00hours -26°13'
@+24hours -25°03'
Colongitude
@-24h 253.8°
@ 00h 266.0°
@+24h 278.2°
%Illumination/Mag
@-24hours 0.11/-0.7
@+24hours 0.08/-0.3
20n160w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 33m
moonrise/azimuth: 1634ut/117*
altaz at sunrise: 5.4*/120*
sunrise/azimuth: 1707ut/114*
age at moonrise: -19h28m
30n120w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 35m
moonrise/azimuth: 1413ut/120*
altaz at sunrise: 5.2*/124*
sunrise/azimuth: 1448ut/116*
age at moonrise: -21h49m
10n90w
(-25h waning)
sunrise window: 56m
moonrise/azimuth: 1122ut/116*
altaz at sunrise: 8.5*/118*
sunrise/azimuth: 1208ut/113*
age at moonrise: -24h40m
30n90e
-24h waxing
moonset window: 39m
sunset/azimuth: 1104ut/243*
altaz at sunset: 6.1*/236*
moonset/azimuth: 1143ut/241*
age at sunset: 23h02m
10n90e
-24h waxing
moonset window: 45m
sunset/azimuth: 1143ut/246*
altaz at sunset: 8.4*/242*
moonset/azimuth: 1228ut/245*
age at sunset: 23h41m
30n120e
-24h waxing
moonset window: 35m
sunset/azimuth: 0904ut/243*
altaz at sunset: 5.2*/236*
moonset/azimuth: 0939ut/241*
age at sunset: 21h02m
10n120e
-24h waxing
moonset window: 40m
sunset/azimuth: 0943ut/246*
altaz at sunset: 7.4*/243*
moonset/azimuth: 1023ut/245*
age at sunset: 21h41m
10s120e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 30m
moonrise/azimuth: 2104ut/116*
altaz at sunrise: 5.3*/115*
sunrise/azimuth: 2134ut/114*
age at moonrise: -14h28m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 44m
sunset/azimuth: 1018ut/246*
altaz at sunset: 8.3*/246*
moonset/azimuth: 1102ut/245*
age at sunset: 22h16m
30s120e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 36m
moonrise/azimuth: 2017ut/120*
altaz at sunrise: 5.4*/116*
sunrise/azimuth: 2053ut/118*
age at moonrise: -15h45m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 47m
sunset/azimuth: 1059ut/242*
altaz at sunset: 8.0*/246*
moonset/azimuth: 1146ut/241*
age at sunset: 22h57m
10s150e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 35m
moonrise/azimuth: 1859ut/116*
altaz at sunrise: 6.3*/115*
sunrise/azimuth: 1934ut/114*
age at moonrise: -17h05m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 40m
sunset/azimuth: 0818ut/246*
altaz at sunset: 7.4*/246*
moonset/azimuth: 0858ut/244*
age at sunset: 20h16m
30s150e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 40m
moonrise/azimuth: 1813ut/120*
altaz at sunrise: 6.3*/115*
sunrise/azimuth: 1853ut/118*
age at moonrise: -17h49m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 43m
sunset/azimuth: 0859ut/242*
altaz at sunset: 7.1*/246*
moonset/azimuth: 0942ut/241*
age at sunset: 20h57m
Lunation 1077
New Moon 15 January 2010 0736ut
Areas offering favorable net elongation as altitude
are indicated in gold/green above with corresponding
sighting data provided below.
Angular Size/Distance
@-24hours 29.2'/409107km
@ 00hours 29.1'/410692km
@+24hours 29.0'/411487km
Declination
@-24hours -23°49'
@ 00hours -21°05'
@+24hours -17°32'
Colongitude
@-24h 256.2°
@ 00h 268.5°
@+24h 280.8°
%Illumination/Mag
@-24hours 0.05/-0.0
@+24hours 0.14/-1.3
20n160w
-24h waxing
moonset window: 41m
sunset/azimuth: 0422ut/248*
altaz at sunset: 7.5*/247*
moonset/azimuth: 0503ut/251*
age at sunset: 20h44m
30n120w
-24h waxing
moonset window: 38m
sunset/azimuth: 0123ut/246*
altaz at sunset: 6.2*/244*
moonset/azimuth: 0201ut/249*
age at sunset: 17h47m
30n90w
-24h waxing
moonset window: 33m
sunset/azimuth: 2323ut/246*
altaz at sunset: 5.3*/244*
moonset/azimuth: 2356ut/248*
age at sunset: 15h47m
10n90w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 31m
moonrise/azimuth: 1149ut/113*
altaz at sunrise: 5.5*/115*
sunrise/azimuth: 1220ut/111*
age at moonrise: -19h47m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 30m
sunset/azimuth: 2358ut/249*
altaz at sunset: 5.5*/250*
moonset/azimuth: 0028ut/251*
age at sunset: 16h22m
10n60w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 35m
moonrise/azimuth: 0945ut/113*
altaz at sunrise: 6.4*/115*
sunrise/azimuth: 1020ut/111*
age at moonrise: -21h51m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 26m
sunset/azimuth: 2158ut/249*
altaz at sunset: 5.0*/250*
moonset/azimuth: 2224ut/251*
age at sunset: 14h22m
10s60w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 40m
moonrise/azimuth: 0909ut/113*
altaz at sunrise: 7.5*/112*
sunrise/azimuth: 0949ut/112*
age at moonrise: -22h27m
30s60w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 45m
moonrise/azimuth: 0827ut/117*
altaz at sunrise: 7.4*/112*
sunrise/azimuth: 0912ut/115*
age at moonrise: -23h09m
50n150e
-24h waxing
moonset window: 59m
sunset/azimuth: 0629ut/237*
altaz at sunset: 6.4*/231*
moonset/azimuth: 0728ut/243*
age at sunset: 22h53m
10s150e
(-25h waxing)
moonset window: 39m
sunset/azimuth: 0830ut/248*
altaz at sunset: 8.0*/254*
moonset/azimuth: 0909ut/253*
age at sunset: 24h54m
30s150e
(-26h waxing)
moonset window: 32m
sunset/azimuth: 0906ut/245*
altaz at sunset: 5.3*/254*
moonset/azimuth: 0938ut/250*
age at sunset: 25h30m
Lunation 1078
New Moon 14 February 2010 0252ut
Areas offering favorable net elongation as altitude
are indicated in gold/green above with corresponding
sighting data provided below.
Angular Size/Distance
@-24hours 29.1'/410753km
@ 00hours 29.2'/409624km
@+24hours 29.3'/407739km
Declination
@-24hours -15°17'
@ 00hours -10°49'
@+24hours -05°56'
Colongitude
@-24h 259.1°
@ 00h 271.3°
@+24h 283.5°
%Illumination/Mag
@-24hours 0.09/-0.3
@+24hours 0.09/-0.3
60n160w
(-25h waxing)
moonset window: 01h29m
sunset/azimuth: 0331ut/245*
altaz at sunset: 8.5*/241*
moonset/azimuth: 0500ut/260*
age at sunset: 24h39m
20n160w
(-26h waxing)
moonset window: 47m
sunset/azimuth: 0440ut/256*
altaz at sunset: 9.4*/260*
moonset/azimuth: 0527ut/265*
age at sunset: 25h48m
50n120w
-24h waxing
moonset window: 01h05m
sunset/azimuth: 0118ut/251*
altaz at sunset: 8.4*/249*
moonset/azimuth: 0223ut/261*
age at sunset: 22h26m
30n120w
-24h waxing
moonset window: 48m
sunset/azimuth: 0149ut/255*
altaz at sunset: 9.0*/257*
moonset/azimuth: 0237ut/263*
age at sunset: 22h57m
50n90w
-24h waxing
moonset window: 01h00m
sunset/azimuth: 2318ut/251*
altaz at sunset: 7.5*/249*
moonset/azimuth: 0018ut/261*
age at sunset: 20h26m
30n90w
-24h waxing
moonset window: 44m
sunset/azimuth: 2349ut/255*
altaz at sunset: 8.0*/257*
moonset/azimuth: 0033ut/263*
age at sunset: 20h57m
10n90w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 26m
moonrise/azimuth: 1154ut/103*
altaz at sunrise: 5.1*/104*
sunrise/azimuth: 1220ut/103*
age at moonrise: -14h58m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 34m
sunset/azimuth: 0009ut/257*
altaz at sunset: 7.0*/262*
moonset/azimuth: 0043ut/264*
age at sunset: 21h17m
50n60w
-24h waxing
moonset window: 54m
sunset/azimuth: 2118ut/251*
altaz at sunset: 7.1*/249*
moonset/azimuth: 2212ut/260*
age at sunset: 18h26m
10n60w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 29m
moonrise/azimuth: 0951ut/103*
altaz at sunrise: 5.5*/105*
sunrise/azimuth: 1020ut/103*
age at moonrise: -17h01m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 30m
sunset/azimuth: 2209ut/257*
altaz at sunset: 6.1*/262*
moonset/azimuth: 2239ut/263*
age at sunset: 19h17m
10s60w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 29m
moonrise/azimuth: 0931ut/104*
altaz at sunrise: 6.0*/102*
sunrise/azimuth: 1000ut/103*
age at moonrise: -17h21m
30s60w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 31m
moonrise/azimuth: 0907ut/106*
altaz at sunrise: 5.2*/102*
sunrise/azimuth: 0938ut/106*
age at moonrise: -17h45m
50n00e
-24h waxing
moonset window: 44m
sunset/azimuth: 1717ut/251*
altaz at sunset: 5.4*/250*
moonset/azimuth: 1801ut/258*
age at sunset: 14h25m
30n00e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 33m
moonrise/azimuth: 0608ut/106*
altaz at sunrise: 5.4*/110*
sunrise/azimuth: 0641ut/105*
age at moonrise: -20h44m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 31m
sunset/azimuth: 1749ut/255*
altaz at sunset: 5.2*/258*
moonset/azimuth: 1820ut/261*
age at sunset: 14h57m
10n00e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 36m
moonrise/azimuth: 0544ut/104*
altaz at sunrise: 7.2*/106*
sunrise/azimuth: 0620ut/103*
age at moonrise: -21h08m
30n30e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 35m
moonrise/azimuth: 0406ut/107*
altaz at sunrise: 6.1*/111*
sunrise/azimuth: 0441ut/105*
age at moonrise: -22h46m
10n30e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 39m
moonrise/azimuth: 0341ut/105*
altaz at sunrise: 8.0*/106*
sunrise/azimuth: 0420ut/103*
age at moonrise: -23h11m
10s30e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 41m
moonrise/azimuth: 0319ut/105*
altaz at sunrise: 8.3*/103*
sunrise/azimuth: 0400ut/103*
age at moonrise: -23h33m
30s30e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 44m
moonrise/azimuth: 0254ut/107*
altaz at sunrise: 8.0*/102*
sunrise/azimuth: 0338ut/106*
age at moonrise: -23h58m
30n60e
(-25h waning)
sunrise window: 38m
moonrise/azimuth: 0203ut/107*
altaz at sunrise: 6.4*/112*
sunrise/azimuth: 0241ut/105*
age at moonrise: -24h49m
Lunation 1079
New Moon 15 March 2010 2102ut
Areas offering favorable net elongation as altitude
are indicated in gold/green above with corresponding
sighting data provided below.
Angular Size/Distance
@-24hours 29.8'/401414km
@ 00hours 30.0'/398410km
@+24hours 30.3'/395061km
Declination
@-24hours -03°29'
@ 00hours +01°44'
@+24hours +06°56'
Colongitude
@-24h 261.3°
@ 00h 273.5°
@+24h 285.7°
%Illumination/Mag
@-24hours 0.06/-0.0
@+24hours 0.14/-1.3
50n00e
-24h waxing
moonset window: 01h06m
sunset/azimuth: 1807ut/268*
altaz at sunset: 9.1*/268*
moonset/azimuth: 1913ut/281*
age at sunset: 21h05m
30n00e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 31m
moonrise/azimuth: 0538ut/91*
altaz at sunrise: 5.4*/94*
sunrise/azimuth: 0609ut/92*
age at moonrise: -15h24m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 45m
sunset/azimuth: 1810ut/268*
altaz at sunset: 8.2*/272*
moonset/azimuth: 1855ut/278*
age at sunset: 21h08m
10n00e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 31m
moonrise/azimuth: 0536ut/91*
altaz at sunrise: 6.2*/92*
sunrise/azimuth: 0607ut/92*
age at moonrise: -15h26m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 31m
sunset/azimuth: 1812ut/268*
altaz at sunset: 6.3*/275*
moonset/azimuth: 1843ut/277*
age at sunset: 21h10m
50n30e
-24h waxing
moonset window: 01h01m
sunset/azimuth: 1607ut/268*
altaz at sunset: 8.2*/269*
moonset/azimuth: 1708ut/280*
age at sunset: 19h05m
30n30e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 34m
moonrise/azimuth: 0336ut/91*
altaz at sunrise: 6.2*/95*
sunrise/azimuth: 0410ut/92*
age at moonrise: -17h26m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 40m
sunset/azimuth: 1610ut/268*
altaz at sunset: 7.3*/272*
moonset/azimuth: 1650ut/277*
age at sunset: 19h08m
10n30e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 34m
moonrise/azimuth: 0333ut/91*
altaz at sunrise: 7.1*/92*
sunrise/azimuth: 0407ut/92*
age at moonrise: -17h29m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 27m
sunset/azimuth: 1612ut/268*
altaz at sunset: 5.4*/275*
moonset/azimuth: 1639ut/276*
age at sunset: 19h10m
10s30e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 32m
moonrise/azimuth: 0331ut/91*
altaz at sunrise: 6.4*/90*
sunrise/azimuth: 0403ut/92*
age at moonrise: -17h31m
30s30e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 30m
moonrise/azimuth: 0329ut/91*
altaz at sunrise: 5.2*/88*
sunrise/azimuth: 0359ut/93*
age at moonrise: -17h33m
50n60e
-24h waxing
moonset window: 55m
sunset/azimuth: 1407ut/268*
altaz at sunset: 7.3*/269*
moonset/azimuth: 1502ut/279*
age at sunset: 17h05m
30n60e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 37m
moonrise/azimuth: 0133ut/92*
altaz at sunrise: 6.5*/96*
sunrise/azimuth: 0210ut/92*
age at moonrise: -18h52m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 37m
sunset/azimuth: 1409ut/268*
altaz at sunset: 6.4*/272*
moonset/azimuth: 1446ut/277*
age at sunset: 17h07m
50n90e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 37m
moonrise/azimuth: 2337ut/93*
altaz at sunrise: 5.0*/100*
sunrise/azimuth: 0014ut/92*
age at moonrise: -21h25m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 49m
sunset/azimuth: 1207ut/268*
altaz at sunset: 6.4*/269*
moonset/azimuth: 1256ut/279*
age at sunset: 15h05m
30n90e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 39m
moonrise/azimuth: 2331ut/92*
altaz at sunrise: 7.2*/97*
sunrise/azimuth: 0010ut/92*
age at moonrise: -21h31m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 32m
sunset/azimuth: 1209ut/268*
altaz at sunset: 5.5*/272*
moonset/azimuth: 1241ut/276*
age at sunset: 15h07m
10n90e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 40m
moonrise/azimuth: 2327ut/92*
altaz at sunrise: 8.4*/94*
sunrise/azimuth: 0007ut/92*
age at moonrise: -21h35m
50n120e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 39m
moonrise/azimuth: 2135ut/94*
altaz at sunrise: 5.1*/101*
sunrise/azimuth: 2214ut/92*
age at moonrise: -23h27m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 43m
sunset/azimuth: 1007ut/268*
altaz at sunset: 5.4*/270*
moonset/azimuth: 1050ut/278*
age at sunset: 13h05m
30n120e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 41m
moonrise/azimuth: 2129ut/93*
altaz at sunrise: 7.5*/98*
sunrise/azimuth: 2210ut/92*
age at moonrise: -23h33m
10n120e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 43m
moonrise/azimuth: 2124ut/92*
altaz at sunrise: 9.2*/94*
sunrise/azimuth: 2207ut/92*
age at moonrise: -23h38m
10s120e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 43m
moonrise/azimuth: 2120ut/93*
altaz at sunrise: 9.2*/91*
sunrise/azimuth: 2203ut/92*
age at moonrise: -23h42m
30s120e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 44m
moonrise/azimuth: 2115ut/93*
altaz at sunrise: 8.1*/88*
sunrise/azimuth: 2159ut/93*
age at moonrise: -23h47m
50n150e
(-25h waning)
sunrise window: 40m
moonrise/azimuth: 1934ut/95*
altaz at sunrise: 5.2*/102*
sunrise/azimuth: 2014ut/92*
age at moonrise: -24h48m
10s150e
(-26h waning)
sunrise window: 47m
moonrise/azimuth: 1916ut/93*
altaz at sunrise: 10.1*/91*
sunrise/azimuth: 2003ut/92*
age at moonrise: -25h46m
30s150e
(-26h waning)
sunrise window: 48m
moonrise/azimuth: 1911ut/93*
altaz at sunrise: 9.0*/87*
sunrise/azimuth: 1959ut/93*
age at moonrise: -25h51m
Lunation 1080
New Moon 14 April 2010 1230ut
Areas offering favorable net elongation as altitude
are indicated in gold/green above with corresponding
sighting data provided below.
Angular Size/Distance
@-24hours 30.3'/394238km
@ 00hours 30.5'/391270km
@+24hours 30.8'/388293km
Declination
@-24hours +08°43'
@ 00hours +13°30'
@+24hours +17°43'
Colongitude
@-24h 262.5°
@ 00h 274.7°
@+24h 286.8°
%Illumination/Mag
@-24hours 0.06/-0.0
@+24hours 0.16/-1.4
60n160w
-24h waxing
moonset window: 01h24m
sunset/azimuth: 0558ut/291*
altaz at sunset: 7.4*/289*
moonset/azimuth: 0722ut/307*
age at sunset: 17h28m
20n160w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 43m
moonrise/azimuth: 1540ut/79*
altaz at sunrise: 8.5*/82*
sunrise/azimuth: 1623ut/80*
age at moonrise: -20h50m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 32m
sunset/azimuth: 0459ut/280*
altaz at sunset: 6.0*/285*
moonset/azimuth: 0531ut/288*
age at sunset: 16h29m
50n120w
(-25h waning)
sunrise window: 46m
moonrise/azimuth: 1224ut/75*
altaz at sunrise: 6.2*/83*
sunrise/azimuth: 1310ut/74*
age at moonrise: -24h06
-24h waxing
moonset window: 53m
sunset/azimuth: 0254ut/286*
altaz at sunset: 6.3*/287*
moonset/azimuth: 0347ut/297*
age at sunset: 14h24m
30n120w
-24h waning
sunrise window: 47m
moonrise/azimuth: 1248ut/79*
altaz at sunrise: 9.0*/84*
sunrise/azimuth: 1335ut/79*
age at moonrise: -23h42m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 34m
sunset/azimuth: 0227ut/281*
altaz at sunset: 5.5*/285*
moonset/azimuth: 0301ut/289*
age at sunset: 13h57m
50n90w
(-27h waning)
sunrise window: 47m
moonrise/azimuth: 1023ut/76*
altaz at sunrise: 6.3*/84*
sunrise/azimuth: 1110ut/74*
age at moonrise: -26h07m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 48m
sunset/azimuth: 0053ut/286*
altaz at sunset: 5.5*/287*
moonset/azimuth: 0141ut/296*
age at sunset: 12h23m
30n90w
(-26h waning)
sunrise window: 50m
moonrise/azimuth: 1045ut/79*
altaz at sunrise: 9.3*/85*
sunrise/azimuth: 1135ut/79*
age at moonrise: -25h45m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 29m
sunset/azimuth: 0027ut/281*
altaz at sunset: 4.5*/285*
moonset/azimuth: 0056ut/289*
age at sunset: 11h57m
10n90w
(-25h waning)
sunrise window: 50m
moonrise/azimuth: 1100ut/81*
altaz at sunrise: 10.5*/82*
sunrise/azimuth: 1150ut/80*
age at moonrise: -24h30m
30n60e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 30m
moonrise/azimuth: 0104ut/76*
altaz at sunrise: 5.2*/79*
sunrise/azimuth: 0134ut/78*
age at moonrise: -11h26m
50n90e
(-25h waxing)
moonset window: 01h24m
sunset/azimuth: 1254ut/286*
altaz at sunset: 10.5*/284*
moonset/azimuth: 1418ut/299*
age at sunset: 24h24m
30n90e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 33m
moonrise/azimuth: 2301ut/76*
altaz at sunrise: 6.0*/80*
sunrise/azimuth: 2334ut/78*
age at moonrise: -13h29m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 58m
sunset/azimuth: 1228ut/282*
altaz at sunset: 10.3*/284*
moonset/azimuth: 1326ut/291*
age at sunset: 23h58m
10n90e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 30m
moonrise/azimuth: 2320ut/78*
altaz at sunrise: 6.0*/79*
sunrise/azimuth: 2350ut/80*
age at moonrise: -13h10m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 43m
sunset/azimuth: 1211ut/280*
altaz at sunset: 8.4*/287*
moonset/azimuth: 1254ut/288*
age at sunset: 23h41m
50n120e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 39m
moonrise/azimuth: 2030ut/72*
altaz at sunrise: 5.1*/80*
sunrise/azimuth: 2109ut/74*
age at moonrise: -16h00m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 01h18m
sunset/azimuth: 1054ut/286*
altaz at sunset: 10.0*/285*
moonset/azimuth: 1212ut/299*
age at sunset: 22h24m
30n120e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 36m
moonrise/azimuth: 2058ut/77*
altaz at sunrise: 6.3*/81*
sunrise/azimuth: 2134ut/78*
age at moonrise: -15h32m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 53m
sunset/azimuth: 1028ut/282*
altaz at sunset: 9.3*/285*
moonset/azimuth: 1121ut/291*
age at sunset: 21h58m
10n120e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 33m
moonrise/azimuth: 2117ut/78*
altaz at sunrise: 6.5*/80*
sunrise/azimuth: 2150ut/80*
age at moonrise: -15h13m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 38m
sunset/azimuth: 1011ut/280*
altaz at sunset: 7.4*/287*
moonset/azimuth: 1049ut/288*
age at sunset: 21h41m
10s120e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 30m
moonrise/azimuth: 2133ut/78*
altaz at sunrise: 6.0*/77*
sunrise/azimuth: 2203ut/80*
age at moonrise: -14h57m
50n150e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 41m
moonrise/azimuth: 1828ut/73*
altaz at sunrise: 5.2*/80*
sunrise/azimuth: 1909ut/74*
age at moonrise: -18h02m
-24h waxing
moonset window: 01h11m
sunset/azimuth: 0854ut/286*
altaz at sunset: 9.1*/285*
moonset/azimuth: 1005ut/298*
age at sunset: 20h24m
10s150e
-24h waning
sunrise window: 34m
moonrise/azimuth: 1929ut/79*
altaz at sunrise: 7.0*/77*
sunrise/azimuth: 2003ut/80*
age at moonrise: -17h01m
raw data generated with WinEphem
*check local listings*
*****
You've probably seen a very thin sliver of our moon after sunset or before sunrise. Imagine it thinner. And even thinner. Eventually all that's left is sunlight shining off the mountain peaks while leaving the valleys in darkness. This arched 'string-of-pearls' is known as Saber's Beads after a comment I made about the visual similarity to what is seen during a solar eclipse.
Just before (and after) the moon passes in front of the sun, light shines at us through the valleys but is blocked by the mountains- the mirrored effect of Saber's Beads. After reporting this resemblence, my esteemed stargazing colleagues honored me with its namesake.
While promoted as an outreach term, further scientific study may also provide new insights regarding local albedo values within the lunar libration zones.
*****
TARGETS NOT TO MISS
The search for thin crescents on either side of Luna's conjunction with Sol can be both a fun and rewarding challenge for amateur astronomers. Along with observing skill and planning, the serendipitous timing and sky conditions necessary are equal contributors to successful sighting of the first and last visible hints of our moon.
Adding to the hunt's intrigue, very young and old crescents- predominantly within 24 hours of New Moon- exhibit the phenomenon known as Saber's Beads.
This necklace of staggered brightness peaks along very thin crescents is reminiscent of the beautiful 'string-of-pearls' effect seen near 2nd and 3rd contacts during a total Solar eclipse.
While spotting stray beads at the tips of waxing and waning crescents is quite common, the entire limb desegmentation reveals itself much closer to New Moon.
As the eclipse counterpart is initiated by direct sunlight seen through our moon's valleys, Saber's Beads are detected by the early and last angular illumination of the mountainous regions.
Luna's rugged topography, distance, and constant libration will also vary the beads' appearance, which is further enhanced by associated low-altitude scintillation.
(Astronomy, September '06, by R. Coe)
*****
SLIVER SPOTTING TIPS
Set up at a site with as much altitude as possible overlooking
an unobstructed horizon.
Optimal sky transparency allows the crescent to be detected and tracked down to, or up from, the horizon.
Using a telescope or binoculars (mounted binos are recommended), fine tune the focus on Venus, Jupiter, or one of the brighter stars beforehand.
For dusk attempts, have Sol's setting azimuth on hand- making note after sunset of a random landmark at that position for reference- as well as Luna's altaz position at sunset thru moonset. Accordingly, for dawn attempts, have Luna's altaz info for moonrise thru sunrise.
As dawn slivers have the advantage of possible detection with dark-adapted eyes, wearing sunglasses during the day prior to sunset attempts is recommended for maximum 'dusk' adaptation.
Once the crescent is acquired in binoculars, walk the bino down to the horizon/random landmark in consecutive FOVs for the approximate naked-eye altaz.
A favorable elongation (aka 'moonlag') is important. In the 24 hours before or after New Moon, Luna's angular separation from Sol can vary by several degrees. With a favorable ecliptic, net elongations (as altitude) of 5° or more at sunset or moonrise offer the best window for detection. 8-10° is necessary to catch Saber's Beads in optimal/deep twilight.
Slivers near perigee help present a thicker and brighter lunar profile for personal record crescent spotting. Illuminated fractions of same-age crescents within 24 hours of New Moon can vary by 200% and a full magnitude of brightness.
Last but not least, don't always count-out a shallow ecliptic. Occasionally our moon's extreme northern or southern declination will compensate for a less than favorable ecliptic angle.
*****
EXTREME CRESCENTS AND COLONGITUDE
A big piece of the puzzle concerning the appearance of a thin crescent's degree of segmentation may be predicted by its colongitude at New Moon which, not suprisingly, can vary by more than 10°, trumping the effects and cycling independently of the apogee-perigee lunar profiles. VMA simulations show New Moon colongs less than 270° to favor segmented waxing crescents while those over 270° favor segmented waning crescents.
Equally important to those hunting Saber's Beads, colongitude may also be used inversely to determine the best profiles and visibilities for personal record crescent spotting.
The table below shows the lunation, colongitude at New Moon, duration in hours of the most segmented waxing limb (-280° colongitude), and the duration in hours of the most segmented waning/preceding limb (+260° colongitude). Data from thin crescent images and my own experiences with Saber's Beads also concur with a 260-280° colong window.
Exact formations involved may vary at each lunation due to libration and other factors. The illuminations caused by sunlit mountainous regions and/or albedo effects also bear further study.
lun/colong/h-280/h+260
1067 275.5 08 30
1068 274.7 10 28
1069 273.0 13 25
1070 271.1 17 21
1071 269.3 20 18
1072 267.6 24 14
1073 266.0 27 11
1074 264.9 29 09
1075 264.7 29 09
1076 266.0 27 11
1077 268.5 22 16
1078 271.3 16 22
1079 273.5 12 26
1080 274.7 10 28
1081 274.9 09 29
1082 274.4 10 28
1083 273.3 12 26
1084 271.5 16 22
1085 269.3 21 17
1086 267.0 25 13
1087 265.3 28 10
1088 264.7 29 09
1089 265.3 28 09
1090 266.9 25 13
1091 268.9 21 17
1092 271.1 17 21
1093 273.1 13 25
1094 274.7 10 28
1095 275.3 08 30
*****
BRACKETING THE SLIVERS
Another rare and challenging notch for ones lunar bedpost is to catch the consecutive waning and waxing crescents within 24 hours on each side of New Moon.
Most recently, July 2008's Buck Moon offered such an opportunity as I was able to spot both the -16.5 hour illumination before sunrise on the 2nd and the +23.5 hour sliver just after sunset on the 3rd.
*****
For the record, here's the ELCD from my first observation
of Saber's Beads.
New Moon 27 May 2006 0526ut
(@+24hours)
Angular Size/Distance 31.2'/383356km
Colongitude 277.6°
Declination +27°04'
Solar Elongation 13.5°
Mag/% Illumination -1.02/.012
41.5n 90.5w
-24h waxing
moonset window: 01h10m
sunset/azimuth: 0126ut/300*
altaz at sunset: 9.3*/298*
moonset/azimuth: 0236ut/308*
age at sunset: 20h00m
First detected at +20.2 hours, this instance of Saber's Beads peaked in deep twilight with the infant crescent hanging 2.0° above the horizon at a solar elongation of 12.2°.
By this time I was fully immersed in the imagery of a total solar eclipse- as if in the next few moments I would either be basking in our sun's corona or forced to turn away from its glare.
This experience left me with the mystery of why the phenomenon had escaped my attention in over 10 years of diligent young/old crescent spotting, and more so, gone unreported after four centuries of general telescopic scrutiny.
As a drummer and not a scientist, I've done my best to make some headway into the window parameters for viewing this rare and beautiful lunar aspect.
Note the extreme northern declination and sunset altitude combined with a favorable colongitude and ecliptic which allowed one of the longest moonset windows and highest altitudes at sunset possible for a crescent that age. It is this rarity of catching the fully/near-fully segmented limb in a dark sky that defines the complete phenomenon.
*****
